ask questions and define problems based on observations or information from text, phenomena, models, or investigations;

use scientific practices to plan and conduct descriptive investigations and use engineering practices to design solutions to problems;

develop and use models to represent phenomena, objects, and processes or design a prototype for a solution to a problem.

evaluate a design or object using criteria.

communicate explanations and solutions individually and collaboratively in a variety of settings and formats; and

explain how scientific discoveries and innovative solutions to problems impact science and society; and

research and explore resources such as museums, libraries, professional organizations, private companies, online platforms, and mentors employed in a science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) field to investigate STEM careers.

identify and use patterns to explain scientific phenomena or to design solutions;

use scale, proportion, and quantity to describe, compare, or model different systems;

examine and model the parts of a system and their interdependence in the function of the system;

explain the relationship between the structure and function of objects, organisms, and systems; and

demonstrate and describe forces acting on an object in contact or at a distance, including magnetism, gravity, and pushes and pulls; and

plan and conduct investigations that demonstrate how the speed of an object is related to its mechanical energy.

ask questions and define problems based on observations or information from text, phenomena, models, or investigations;

use scientific practices to plan and conduct descriptive investigations and use engineering practices to design solutions to problems;

develop and use models to represent phenomena, objects, and processes or design a prototype for a solution to a problem.

evaluate a design or object using criteria.

communicate explanations and solutions individually and collaboratively in a variety of settings and formats; and

explain how scientific discoveries and innovative solutions to problems impact science and society; and

research and explore resources such as museums, libraries, professional organizations, private companies, online platforms, and mentors employed in a science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) field to investigate STEM careers.

identify and use patterns to explain scientific phenomena or to design solutions;

use scale, proportion, and quantity to describe, compare, or model different systems;

examine and model the parts of a system and their interdependence in the function of the system;

explain the relationship between the structure and function of objects, organisms, and systems; and

The student is expected to plan and conduct descriptive investigations to explore the patterns of forces such as gravity, friction, or magnetism in contact or at a distance on an object.

ask questions and define problems based on observations or information from text, phenomena, models, or investigations;

use scientific practices to plan and conduct descriptive and simple experimental investigations and use engineering practices to design solutions to problems;

develop and use models to represent phenomena, objects, and processes or design a prototype for a solution to a problem.

evaluate experimental and engineering designs.

communicate explanations and solutions individually and collaboratively in a variety of settings and formats; and

explain how scientific discoveries and innovative solutions to problems impact science and society; and

research and explore resources such as museums, libraries, professional organizations, private companies, online platforms, and mentors employed in a science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) field to investigate STEM careers.

identify and use patterns to explain scientific phenomena or to design solutions;

use scale, proportion, and quantity to describe, compare, or model different systems;

examine and model the parts of a system and their interdependence in the function of the system;

explain the relationship between the structure and function of objects, organisms, and systems; and

investigate and explain how equal and unequal forces acting on an object cause patterns of motion and transfer of energy; and

design a simple experimental investigation that tests the effect of force on an object in a system such as a car on a ramp or a balloon rocket on a string.

ask questions and define problems based on observations or information from text, phenomena, models, or investigations;

use scientific practices to plan and conduct descriptive, comparative, and experimental investigations and use engineering practices to design solutions to problems;

develop and use models to represent phenomena, systems, processes, or solutions to engineering problems; and

evaluate experimental and engineering designs.

communicate explanations and solutions individually and collaboratively in a variety of settings and formats; and

identify and apply patterns to understand and connect scientific phenomena or to design solutions;

analyze how differences in scale, proportion, or quantity affect a system's structure or performance;

examine and model the parts of a system and their interdependence in the function of the system;

analyze and explain the complementary relationship between the structure and function of objects, organisms, and systems; and

identify and explain how forces act on objects, including gravity, friction, magnetism, applied forces, and normal forces, using real-world applications;

calculate the net force on an object in a horizontal or vertical direction using diagrams and determine if the forces are balanced or unbalanced; and

identify simultaneous force pairs that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction that result from the interactions between objects using Newton's Third Law of Motion.

ask questions and define problems based on observations or information from text, phenomena, models, or investigations;

use scientific practices to plan and conduct descriptive, comparative, and experimental investigations and use engineering practices to design solutions to problems;

develop and use models to represent phenomena, systems, processes, or solutions to engineering problems; and

evaluate experimental and engineering designs.

communicate explanations and solutions individually and collaboratively in a variety of settings and formats; and

identify and apply patterns to understand and connect scientific phenomena or to design solutions;

analyze how differences in scale, proportion, or quantity affect a system's structure or performance;

examine and model the parts of a system and their interdependence in the function of the system;

analyze and explain the complementary relationship between structure and function of objects, organisms, and systems; and

calculate average speed using distance and time measurements from investigations;

distinguish between speed and velocity in linear motion in terms of distance, displacement, and direction;

measure, record, and interpret an object's motion using distance-time graphs; and

ask questions and define problems based on observations or information from text, phenomena, models, or investigations;

use scientific practices to plan and conduct descriptive, comparative, and experimental investigations and use engineering practices to design solutions to problems;

develop and use models to represent phenomena, systems, processes, or solutions to engineering problems; and

evaluate experimental and engineering designs.

communicate explanations and solutions individually and collaboratively in a variety of settings and formats; and

identify and apply patterns to understand and connect scientific phenomena or to design solutions;

analyze how differences in scale, proportion, or quantity affect a system's structure or performance;

examine and model the parts of a system and their interdependence in the function of the system;

analyze and explain the complementary relationship between the structure and function of objects, organisms, and systems; and

investigate and describe how Newton's three laws of motion act simultaneously within systems such as in vehicle restraints, sports activities, amusement park rides, Earth's tectonic activities, and rocket launches.

identify and communicate a problem or task and break down (decompose) multiple solutions into sequential steps;

demonstrate personal skills and behaviors, including effective communication, following directions, and mental agility, needed to implement a design process successfully; and

apply a design process with components such as testing and reflecting to create new and useful solutions to identify and solve for authentic problems.

decompose story problems into smaller, manageable subproblems and discuss and document various solutions to the problems;

explain the importance of and demonstrate personal skills and behaviors, including problem solving and questioning, effective communication, following directions, mental agility, and metacognition, that are needed to implement a design process successfully; and

apply an appropriate design process that includes components to improve processes and refine original products for authentic problems.

decompose a real-world problem into smaller, manageable subproblems using graphic organizers such as learning maps, concept maps, or other representations of data;

explain the importance of and demonstrate personal skills and behaviors, including persistence, effective communication, following directions, mental agility, metacognition, problem solving and questioning, that are needed to implement a design process successfully; and

apply an appropriate design process that includes components to generate multiple solutions for an authentic problem and develop original products.

decompose real-world problems into structured parts by using visual representation;

resolve challenges in design processes independently using goal setting and personal character traits such as demonstrating courage and confidence;

discuss and implement a design process using digital tools to compare, contrast, and evaluate student-generated outcomes; and

decompose real-world problems into structured parts using flowcharts;

resolve challenges in design processes independently using goal setting and personal character traits such as demonstrating responsibility and advocating for self appropriately;

discuss and implement a design process that includes planning and selecting digital tools to develop and refine a prototype or model through trial and error; and

decompose real-world problems into structured parts using pseudocode;

demonstrate innovation in a design process using goal setting and personal character traits, including demonstrating calculated risk-taking and tolerance;

discuss and implement a design process that includes planning, selecting digital tools to develop, test, and evaluate design limitations, and refining a prototype or model; and